3 тип условных предложений английский. Условные предложения третьего типа в английском языке. Третий тип английских условных предложений. Союзы в условном наклонении в английском языке

Условные предложения состоят из двух частей: if- clause и main clause (см. рис. 1).

Пример :

If he comes late (if-clause) , we will miss the train (main clause ).

Рис. 1. Части условного предложения ()

Type 2 Conditionals express an imaginary situation contrary to facts in the present or are used to give advice . (Условные предложения 2 типа описывают воображаемые ситуации, относящиеся к настоящему, или используются для того, чтобы дать совет. )

Формула условных предложений 2 типа: If-clause : if + Past Simple /Continuous , Main clause : would /could /might + bare infinitive (см. рис. 2).

Пример :

If I saw a ghost, I would run away. (But I haven’t seen a ghost - untrue in present )

If I were you, I wouldn’t go out late. (Advice )

Рис. 2. Формула условных предложений 2 типа ()

Type 3 Conditionals express an imaginary situation in the past or are used to express regrets and criticism . (Условные предложения 3 типа описывают воображаемые ситуации, относящиеся к прошлому, или используются для того, чтобы выразить сожаление или критику. )

Формула условных предложений 3 типа: If-clause : if + Past Perfect /Past Perfect Continuous , Main clause : would /could /might + have + Past Participle (=V 3 ) (см. рис. 3).

Пример :

If I had closed the window, we wouldn’t have been robbed . (But I didn’t close the window - so it’s an untrue situation in the past )

If he hadn’t been behaving so badly, well, the teacher wouldn’t have punished him. (С riticism )

Рис. 3. Формула условных предложений 3 типа ()

• В условных предложениях 2 типа можно использовать were вместо was для всех местоимений.

Пример :

If I was /were you, I would try harder. - На твоем месте я бы пытался упорнее.

• Вместо if можно также использовать as long as , providing , provided that .

Пример :

As long as he’s on time, we won’t be late for the meeting. (= If he’s on time…)

We’ll come by car providing /provided that Dad lends us his. (= …if Dad lends us...)

• Также можно опустить if , но тогда необходимо поставить should , were или had (в Past Perfect) перед подлежащим.

Пример :

If he should turn up, tell him to wait for me. = Should he turn up, tell him to wait for me.

If I were you, I would speak to her. = Were I you, I would speak to her.

If he had known, he would have told us. = Had he known, he would have told us.

Mixed Conditionals

Иногда можно «соединить» условные предложения 2 и 3 типов.

Пример :

If he knew her, he would have spoken to her. (The if-clause has type 2 and the main clause has type 3. )

If he had found a job, he wouldn’t be searching for one now. (The if-clause has type 3 and the main clause has type 2. )

Practice exercises

Упражнение 1

Complete the sentences to make type 2 conditionals.

Пример : If I met my favourite film star, I’d be so excited.

1. If I lost my pet, ____________________________.

2. If I wanted to lose weight, ____________________________.

3. If I saw someone cheating in a test, ____________________________.

4. If I was able to travel back in time, ____________________________.

5. If I found € 20 outside a shop, _______________________________.

Ответы к упражнению:

1. I would search everywhere for it.

2. I would join a gym.

3. I would tell my teacher.

4. I would invent something.

5. I would give it to the shopkeeper.

Упражнение 2

Complete the sentences to make type 3 conditionals. Look at the ideas.

Пример : not buy/guitar → not learn/play one = If Jeff hadn’t bought a guitar, he wouldn’t have learnt how to play one.

1. not learn/play guitar → not join/band

2. not join/band → not be asked/play at party

3. not be asked/play at party→ not meet/band manager

4. not meet/band manager → not sign contract/record company

Ответы к упражнению:

1. If Jeff hadn’t learnt how to play the guitar, he wouldn’t have joined the band.

2. If Jeff hadn’t joined the band, he wouldn’t have been asked to play at the party.

3. If Jeff hadn’t been asked to play at the party, he wouldn’t have met a band manager.

4. If Jeff hadn’t met a band manager, he wouldn’t have signed a contract with a record company.

Список литературы

1. Афанасьева О.В., Дули Д., Михеева И.В. Английский язык (базовый уровень). - Просвещение, 2012.

2. Биболетова М.З., Бабушис Е.Е., Снежко Н.Д. Английский язык (базовый уровень). - Титул, 2009.

3. Кауфман К.И., Кауфман М.Ю. Английский язык (базовый уровень). - Титул, 2010.

4. Музланова Е.С. 120 учебно-тренировочных заданий для подготовки к ЕГЭ. - АСТ, 2010.

1. Интернет портал «CorrectEnglish» ()

2. Интернет портал «CorrectEnglish» ()

Домашнее задание

1. Упр. 475 Голицынский Ю. Грамматика: Сб. упражнений. - 7-е изд., - СПб.: КАРО, 2011. - С. 385.

2. Упр. 484 Голицынский Ю. Грамматика: Сб. упражнений. - 7-е изд., - СПб.: КАРО, 2011. - С. 392.

3. Упр. 490 Голицынский Ю. Грамматика: Сб. упражнений. - 7-е изд., - СПб.: КАРО, 2011. - С. 396.

Упражнения на третий тип условных предложений — Third conditional – являются продолжением цикла упражнений по теме CONDITIONALS. Ранее я уже размещала упражнения на , а также упражнения с ответами по теме .

Third conditional exercises with answers.

Упражнение 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (Conditional 3 ).

1. If the government ____________ (give) more money to the factory it _____________ (not close).
2. If the government ___________ (build) flood barriers, we __________ (not have) the floods last year.
3. If Dan ___________ (know) how to swim, he ____________ (not drown).
4. If Molly __________ (listen) to the weather- forecast, she ______________ (know) it was going to rain.
5. If Greg _____________ (tell) me he was ill, I ____________ (be) more sympathetic. .
6. If she __________ (prepare) for the exam, she __________ (pass) it.
7. If Bill _________ (see) the house, he ________ (not buy) it.
8. These words ___________ (roughly express) Bob’s feelings, if he __________ (be) capable of reasoning.
9. But what ___________ (you do), if you ________ (see) what I saw
10. It ___________ (be) all done though, if Jill __________ (help) at the right time.

Упражнение 2. Do you ever think about what would or would not have happened if ... ? Make a chain story, using the following.

If I _____________ (not use) so much gas, I _____________ (not have) such a big gas bill.

If I _____________ (must not) pay my gas bill, I _____________ (not go) out in the rain.

If I_____________ (not go) out in the rain, I _____________ (not catch) a cold.

If I _____________ (not catch) a cold, I _____________ (not carry) a handkerchief.

If I_____________ (not carry) a handkerchief, I_____________ (not drop) it.

If I _____________ (not drop) my handkerchief, Juan _____________ (not pick) it up.

If Juan_____________ (not pick) up my handkerchief, we_____________ (never meet).

Moral: Paying bills can be a good thing.

Упражнение 3. Correct the third Conditional sentences if you see any mistakes. Some of the sentences are correct.

1. Molly might have thought that Paul was enjoying the weather, if there had been any to enjoy.
2. If Krassotkin had known what an effect his words might have on the child, nothing would have had induced him to play this trick on him.
3. Even if Jack had died, he wouldn’t just the same has escaped from his horrible position.
4. It can all have gone off more harmoniously if Peter had taken the trouble to embellish his story.
5. I wonder what might have happened if a Gatling (скорострельное стрелковое оружие) had been used.
6. But if Molly had stayed in her home, she wouldn’t have any home left to stay in.
7. Bill dreamed of it at the age when everyone would laugh to his face if they could have guessed what was in his head.
8. If the robber had been someone like Molly Smith, she"d simply have put the chain straight in her pocket and get away as fast as she could.
9. If Greg could have moved, Greg would have leapt upon me.
10. If Sally had been with us, the sense of complicity would be cloying.

Упражнение 4. Rewrite the letter, using if-clauses (Third conditional).

I’m writing to you feeling completely frustrated. As you know, I have to give a reception every year to entertain my husband’s business associates, so I have to go to a lot of trouble. Well, disaster struck again! In my attempt to appear an original hostess, I ordered some Chinese and Thai food to be served with chopsticks. Needless to say, my guests disapproved. I also booked a Latin band to come and play live, but our middle-aged guests found it hard to dance so energetically. My husband has no sympathy for me and is mad at my choice of entertainment. I must confess I want to get out of organising such social gatherings. It’s a pity you weren’t here; you missed out on a unique opportunity to see my husband dancing.

Упражнение 5. Перевод. Translate the sentences using the third conditional.

1. Питер не смог бы попасть туда, не встреть он мальчиков.
2. Впрочем, если призрак был бы просто иллюзией, он должен был бы полностью исчезнуть, но он не исчез.
3. Мужчина наверняка бы застрелил жену, если бы полицейский не оттолкнул его руку.
4. Если Джека поймали, то, возможно, его взяли в плен.
5. Cтарик стал так раздражителен, что, если бы Катя сказала бы ему, что не собиралась навестить его, он бы непременно обиделся.
6. Если бы у Порфирия были хорошие карты, он бы показал их.
7. Молли бы никогда не поставила себя в такое положение, если бы не доверяла Салли полностью.

Third Conditional exercises. Answers

1 had given / wouldn’t have closed, 2 had built / wouldn’t have had, 3 had known / wouldn’t have drowned, 4 had listened / would have known 5 had told / would have been, 6 had prepared / would have passed, 7 had seen / wouldn’t have bought, 8 would roughly have expressed / had been, 9 would you have done / had seen, 10 would have been / had helped.

Hadn’t used / wouldn’t have had;

Hadn’t had to pay / wouldn’t have gone;

Hadn’t gone / wouldn’t have caught;

Hadn’t caught / wouldn’t have been carrying;

Hadn’t been carrying / wouldn’t have dropped;

Hadn’t dropped / wouldn’t have picked;

Hadn’t picked / would have never met.

1. correct;
2. would have had induced -> would have induced;
3. has escaped -> have escaped;
4. can -> could ;
5. correct;
6. wouldn’t have -> wouldn’t have had;
7. would laugh -> would have laughed;
8. get -> would have got / got;
9. correct;
10. would be -> would have been

Exercise 4. Different variants are possible.

1. Peter could never have got there if he hadn`t met the boys.
2. But if the ghost had been just an illusion, it should have faded away entirely, but it didn’t
3. The man would certainly have shot his wife if the police officer had not thrust aside his hand.
4. If Jack had been caught, they might have taken him prisoner.
5. The old man had become so irritable that if Kate had told him that she wasn"t going to visit him, he would certainly have been offended.
6. If Porfiry had really had good cards, he would have shown them.
7. Molly would have never placed herself in that position if she hadn"t completely trusted Sally.